Deliberations of the Caliphates, most notably Rashidun Caliphate were not democratic in the modern sense rather, decision-making power lay with a council of notable and trusted companions of Mohammad and representatives of different tribes (most of them selected or elected within their tribes). Traditional Sunni Islamic lawyers agree that shura, loosely translated as ‘consultation of the people’, is a function of the caliphate. The Majlis ash-Shura advise the caliph. The importance of this is premised by the following verses of the Quran: “…those who answer the call of their Lord and establish the prayer, and who conduct their affairs by Shura. [are loved by God]” “…consult them (the people) in their affairs. Then when you have taken a decision (from them), put your trust in Allah”.
Political Islam Part 54
